Technologies

Four renal biomarkers: transferrin (TF), ceruloplasmin (Cp), lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthetase (L-PGDS), and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), are capable of accurately diagnosing and determining the course of LN in both children and adults with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). While each individual biomarker can be used alone, the combination of two or more of these biomarkers improves diagnostic capability.